ENZYMES

· TERMINOLOGY

Enzyme- biological catalyst

Activation energy- enzymes lower the energy

required to complete a chemical reaction

Isoenzyme- different models of the same enzyme

same active site, catalyze same reaction, but made by different tissues

Reactant- another name for substrate molecule

Active site- specific binding site for the substrate

Products- formed form enzyme-substrate complex

· Reactions:

Exergonic-- reaction that converts molecules with more free

energy to molecules with less; energy is released as the

reaction proceeds (heat energy released as food is metabolized

Endergonic- requires an input of energy; products must

contain more free energy than the reactants.

For example-- glucose contains more free energy than CO2 and H2O

· Catalyze

Increase speed of reaction

Decrease activation energy

· Structures

active site

3-dimensional shapes

· Control of enzymatic activities

pH

Temperature

Cofactors

Coenzymes

Substrate and enzyme concentration

· Metabolic pathways

Inborn metabolic error (abnormal genes)

allosteric inhibition- end product inhibition

· Bioenergetics

Ist law of thermodynamics

2nd law of thermodynamics

· Aerobic and anaerobic respiration

· Glycogenesis

· Glycogenolysis

· Glucogenesis